![]() By the Fourth Dynasty, there was a grand vizier or chief minister, who was at first a prince of royal blood and headed every government department. In the early years, his sons and other close relatives acted as his principal advisers and aides. The cult of the pharaoh, the godking, was expression in the form of great religious complexes. The political and economic system of Egypt developed around the concept of a god incarnate who was believed through his magical powers to control the Nile flood for the benefit of the nation. Thus, the Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom may be considered together.ĭivine kingship was the most striking feature of Egypt in these periods. The reestablishment of a powerful central government during the Twelfth Dynasty, however, re-instituted the patterns of the Old Kingdom. 2181 B.C.), the system faltered, and a century and a half of civil war, the First Intermediate Period, ensued. After five centuries and following the end of the Sixth Dynasty (ca. ![]() The Third Dynasty reached a level of competence that marked a plateau of achievement for ancient Egypt. When, however, central authority broke down, competing centers of power emerged, these periods are known as "intermediate periods." The Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom together represent an important phase in Egyptian political and cultural development. The name "kingdom" applies to those periods in Egyptian history when the central government was strong, the country was unified, and there was an orderly succession of pharaohs. Ancient Egypt - The Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Second Intermediate Period, 2686 to 1552 B.C.
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